SAE 1018 is a low-carbon steel that provides excellent weldability, machinability, and reasonable strength. The chemical composition of SAE 1018 includes Carbon (C) 0.15-0.20%, Manganese (Mn) 0.60-0.90%, Phosphorus (P) ≤ 0.040%, Sulfur (S) ≤ 0.050%, and Iron (Fe) as the base element. This steel alloy is known for its good surface hardness and is often used in machinery parts, automotive components, and shafts. Its low carbon content allows for easier welding and cold forming, making it versatile for various manufacturing processes. SAE 1018 is widely used in industries requiring a balance of